Signs of autism in childrenIN BRIEF
Autism manifests differently from one individual to another, influenced by factors such as age, environment, and development. Additionally, individuals who are not autistic may display characteristics similar to those of autistic individuals. This is why only a professional with expertise in autism can make a diagnosis.
Early Signs and Characteristics of Autism in Children
Some children may display behaviors that seem different very early on, while for others, signs become more apparent during early school years. Some children can even mask their autistic traits to some extent. Autism affects people in diverse ways, and it does not always present the same challenges for everyone. The following list highlights indicators that should prompt parents to seek professional advice. However, these may lead to diagnoses other than autism.
Important
Many of these signs and characteristics can also be present in non-autistic individuals, and autistic people do not typically exhibit all the signs listed.
All ages
- Don't look in the eyes
- Lines up objects, like toy cars or food items
- Repeats parts of phrases or words, often in the same manner
- Prefers routines and struggles with changes or unpredictability
- Focuses on specific details of objects instead of the whole
- Experiences developmental delays compared to peers
- Shows inattentiveness
- Displays delayed communication
- Plays in unusual ways
- Dislikes being touched
- Is sensitive to noises
- Exhibits repetitive movements
- Displays unusual movements
- Reacts strongly to certain textures or foods
- Prefers eating the same foods repeatedly
- Displays aggressive behavior toward other children
- Is difficult to console
- Has sleep issues
6–9 Months
- Smiles infrequently
- Limited eye contact
- Shares few sounds
9–12 Months
- Does not respond to their name
- Shows minimal facial expressions (joy, anger, sadness)
- Babbles little or not at all
- More interested in objects than people
- Appears not to listen
- Starts repetitive behaviors (spinning, rocking)
- Engages in unusual play (intense visual or tactile exploration)
12–18 Months
- Does not engage in simple games
- Does not wave goodbye
- Uses few gestures
- Does not speak
- Does not engage in pretend play
- Does not share interests
18–24 Months
- Does not point to objects
24–36 Months
- Does not notice when someone is hurt or upset
36–48 Months
- Does not play with other children
48 Months
- Does not imitate others or play activities
Our son has a form of “invisible” autism, meaning he manages to mask his traits. His autistic characteristics are barely noticeable to most people, including many healthcare professionals. At home, however, his traits are much more apparent, especially to us, his parents. Outside of the home, they are only discernible to trained observers. This aspect made the evaluation and diagnosis process challenging and emotionally taxing. We have learned a lot along the way.
Subtle Signs of Autism in School-Age Children
For some children, autism may be harder to diagnose and may only be suspected upon starting school, during early learning, significant social interactions, or life changes. Some individuals only discover they are autistic during adolescence or adulthood.
Autistic individuals with fewer support needs often mask their differences more effectively. They may find creative or alternative ways to navigate challenges. However, they may eventually face situations they cannot manage, leading to consultations where autism is suspected.
Later-Developing Indicators of Autism
Subtle social challenges
They may have friends and seem sociable but struggle with nuances like sarcasm or subtle facial expressions.
Specific or intense interests
They may focus intensely on one or two topics, though it might not be immediately apparent.
Sensory sensitivities
These children may be slightly sensitive to textures, sounds, or lights, though not to the extent of avoiding them completely.
Difficulty with change
They may struggle with adapting to new routines or environments, even without obvious distress.
Coordination challenges
They may face fine or gross motor difficulties, such as holding a pencil or playing ball games.
Sleep difficulties
Though common among children, autistic children may have unique challenges falling or staying asleep.
Literal interpretation
They may struggle with metaphors or idiomatic expressions, taking things at face value.
Intense emotional reactions
They may have strong emotional responses to seemingly minor situations.
Rigid eating habits
They may avoid foods of certain colors, insist on food separation, prefer the same meal repeatedly, or cover everything with the same sauce.
It is important to note that the presence of one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a child is autistic. A professional diagnosis is essential to determine the presence of autism.